Other · Neuropeptide (Tachykinin)
Substance P
An 11-amino-acid tachykinin peptide that transmits pain signals via the NK1 receptor, used to study nociception and neurogenic inflammation.
- Length
- 11 amino acids
- Half-life
- Very short, typically 1-2 minutes in plasma
- Mechanism
- A member of the tachykinin peptide family that acts as a primary neurotransmitter for pain signals by binding with high affinity to the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R).
- Studied in
- Widely used in laboratory models to study mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation, pain transmission (nociception), and smooth muscle contraction.
About Substance P
Substance P is an undecapeptide and a prominent member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family. It is broadly distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with high concentrations found in the dorsal root ganglia, substantia nigra, and hypothalamus. Its primary biological function is mediated through the high-affinity G protein-coupled neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R).
As a key mediator of pain signals, Substance P is a fundamental tool for research in nociception. It is released from the terminals of specific sensory nerves and is involved in transmitting pain information to the central nervous system. Beyond pain, it is studied for its role in neurogenic inflammation, where its release can cause vasodilation and plasma extravasation, and as a potent modulator of smooth muscle tissue contraction.
Laboratory notes
- The C-terminal amide is essential for the biological activity of Substance P.
- Due to rapid degradation by peptidases like neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme, its in-vivo half-life is extremely short.
- NK1 receptor antagonists are frequently used in conjunction with Substance P in research to confirm that observed effects are mediated through this specific pathway.
Storage and reconstitution basics: storage guide.
Questions about Substance P
What is Substance P?
Substance P is a neuropeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, most known for its critical role in transmitting pain signals from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
What receptor does Substance P bind to?
It binds with high affinity to the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a G protein-coupled receptor.
Why is it called 'Substance P'?
The name originates from its initial discovery as an unidentified 'powder' preparation from equine brain and intestine that caused muscle contraction.
Is Substance P for human use?
No. It is supplied strictly for in-vitro laboratory research and is not for human or animal consumption.
Related research peptides
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